{"id":722,"date":"2020-07-30T10:12:53","date_gmt":"2020-07-30T08:12:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/avp.ro\/?page_id=722"},"modified":"2020-07-31T08:24:44","modified_gmt":"2020-07-31T06:24:44","slug":"presentation","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/avp.ro\/index.php\/en\/presentation\/","title":{"rendered":"About us"},"content":{"rendered":"

 <\/p>\n

Origins of the Ombudsman Institution<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

The Ombudsman Institution was established in Sweden in 1809, by the Parliament, who introduced in the new Constitution the Office of the Parliamentary Ombudsman, as an instrument that can enable the Parliament to exercise some control over the exercise of executive power, by monitoring the compliance of public authorities with the law.<\/em><\/p>\n

This idea was not a new one in 1809. In fact, in 1713 the absolute monarch Charles XII had created the office of His Majesty\u2019s Supreme Ombudsman. At that time King Charles XII was in Turkey and had been abroad for almost 13 years and in his absence the administration in Sweden had fallen into disarray. Therefore, he established the Supreme Ombudsman to be his pre-eminent representative in Sweden. The task entrusted to him was to ensure that judges and public officials in general acted in accordance with the laws in force and discharged their duties satisfactorily in other respects. If the Ombudsman found that this was not the case, he was empowered to initiate legal proceedings against them for dereliction of their duties. In 1719 the Supreme Ombudsman was given the title of\u00a0Chancellor of Justice<\/a>. This office still exists, and today the Chancellor of Justice acts as the government’s Ombudsman. In 1766 the Parliament for the first time elected the Chancellor of Justice, but since the 1772, the right to appoint the Chancellor of Justice again became a royal prerogative.<\/p>\n

According to the Constitution from 1809, the state power was to be divided between the King and the Parliament. The King was to appoint the Chancellor of Justice (in other words he was the royal Ombudsman) while the Parliament was to appoint its own Parliamentary Ombudsman. The main purpose of the establishment of this new post as Ombudsman (Parliamentary Ombudsman) was to safeguard the rights of citizens by establishing a supervisory agency that was completely independent of the Executive. Like the Chancellor of Justice, the task of the Ombudsman was to supervise the application of the laws by judges and civil servants. According to the Constitution from 1809, the Parliament was to appoint a man “known for his knowledge of the law and exemplary probity” as Parliamentary Ombudsman. In other words, his duties were to focus on protection of the rights of citizens. For instance the Parliamentary Ombudsman was to encourage uniform application of the law and indicate legislative obscurities. His work was to take the form of inspections and inquiries into complaints. Complaints played a relatively insignificant role at the beginning of the institution. During the first century of the existence of the Office, the total number of complaints amounted around 8,000.<\/p>\n

\u00a0(Source:\u00a0<\/em>http:\/\/www.jo.se\/<\/em><\/a>\u00a0– The Parliamentary Ombudsmen\u00a0of Sweden)<\/em><\/p>\n

Ombudsman Institution in the world<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

The next\u00a0Parliamentary\u00a0Ombudsman\u00a0was established\u00a0in Finland,\u00a0by\u00a0the Constitution of\u00a01919.\u00a0The idea\u00a0has attracted\u00a0attention\u00a0outside\u00a0Scandinavia, after the\u00a0regulation\u00a0of the\u00a0Ombudsman’s office\u00a0in Denmark,\u00a0in 1954.\u00a0In\u00a0the past 30 years,\u00a0this\u00a0institution\u00a0has spread\u00a0throughout the\u00a0world, so\u00a0now\u00a0there are about\u00a0120\u00a0ombudsman institutions\u00a0worldwide.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Ombudsman\u00a0institution\u00a0has developed\u00a0in two\u00a0forms:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Ombudsman\u00a0with general jurisdiction\u00a0–\u00a0treats\u00a0all\u00a0issues arising from\u00a0malfunctions\u00a0in the administration<\/li>\n
  2. Ombudsman\u00a0with\u00a0special competence\u00a0–\u00a0specialized\u00a0in a\u00a0particular area\u00a0(for example,\u00a0ombudsman for child protection,\u00a0ombudsman\u00a0for\u00a0consumers protection,\u00a0financial\u00a0services\u00a0ombudsman, ombudsman\u00a0for equality\u00a0and\u00a0against discrimination, ombudsman\u00a0for\u00a0persons with\u00a0disabilities,\u00a0ethnic\u00a0discrimination\u00a0ombudsman, ombudsman\u00a0for defense\u00a0etc.).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    People\u2019s Advocate<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

    The Romanian Constituent Assembly has chosen the name \u201cthe People\u2019s Advocate\u201d, an ombudsman institution with general jurisdiction,\u00a0which has as purpose the defense of individuals\u2019 rights and freedoms in their relationship with the public authorities.<\/p>\n

    The People\u2019s Advocate Institution was one of the new institutional structures created by the Constitution from 1991, along the Constitutional Court. Thus, the People\u2019s Advocate Institution has as purpose the defense of individuals\u2019 rights and freedoms in their relationship with the public authorities.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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